However, 2D:4D ratios were significantly different in 2-year-old children. , the ratio in male embryos is significantly lower than female embryos, and gestational age is not related to the mean value. Based on the research on 2D:4D ratio of Klimek et al. have previously suggested that 2D:4D finger formation may be unrelated to the function of prenatal sex hormones and the production of sex steroids. There is evidence to suggest a significant association between functional, psychological, and even sexual components and finger length ratios (2D:4D) in runners and soccer players. Despite increased research, hormonal responses to exercise are scarce in female futsal players. Finally, when GH production is suppressed, performance and exercise tolerance are reduced, whereas endurance training increases circulating IGF-1 levels. Increased vasodilation of coronary arteries and stimulation of insulin production may occur due to increase plasma estradiol levels. Cortisol regulates most catabolic adaptations to exercise training, and is used as an indicator of physical stress. The regulation and production of cortisol, estradiol, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) depends on physical exercise. The increasing popularity of female team sports has resulted in increased interest concerning female physiology and adaptive responses to exercise. , recently developed a futsal specific tests, called the futsal special performance test (FSPT), comprising most of the physical skills performed during match conditions. Although factors such as strength, endurance, power and balance are important in futsal, the evaluation of a futsal player should also depend on her/his specific futsal skills. In addition, skills such as dribbling, long pass, short pass, ball control, rotation, and shoot are performed at high speeds, demonstrating the importance of power in futsal. Effort pattern is characterized by many rest intervals (e.g., 75% of the playing actions last 1–18 s), whereas more than 83% of the resting intervals are of 1–15 s duration. Further studies are needed in this area to further examine the results presented here.įutsal is an intermittent high-intensity game with matches composed of two halves of 20 min duration each. The measurement of 2D:4D ratio could be an important factor in determining potential performance attributes and talent identification of elite female futsal players. Aerobic power and time spent running on the treadmill also showed a significant relationship with 2D:4D ND (both, r = 0.54, p = 0.006). HGS ND also displayed a significant correlation with the 2D:4D D (r = 0.59, p = 0.002). Total test-time and performance time (total time + penalty time) for the FSPT showed a significant correlation with 2D:4D D (r = 0.53, p = 0.005 and r = 0.55, p = 0.003, respectively). Pearson’s correlation test was used to identify correlational relationships. In addition, selected circulatory hormones were measured (estradiol, cortisol, growth hormone and insulin like growth factor-1). The futsal specific performance test (FSPT), hand-grip strength (HGS) and aerobic power were also assessed. Twenty-four elite female futsal players were measured for 2D:4D in the dominant (2D:4D D) and non-dominant (2D:4D ND) hand. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate any relationships between 2D:4D of the dominant and non-dominant hands and physical capacity performances, selected functional variables and hormone concentrations in elite female futsal players. The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been calculated for individual athletes and sports, but it has not been investigated in futsal performance.
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